Ethics Religion And Sustainable Production Case Study Marketing Essay

Ethics Religion And Sustainable Production Case Study Marketing Essay The introduction of Fair Trade has indeed encouraged many businesses in building an efficient ethical supply chain which involves applying strict measures that comprises of identifying, forming and maintaining good supplier relationship with both upstream and upstream. It is important that companies build a viable ethical supply chain as well encourage good working condition in accordance to existing labor laws in other improve brand image and build a strong reputation as well as contribute to sustainable development. In todays business world, building ethical supply chains is extremely essential as it also comes with a lot of benefits attached to the practice. In an article by (Michael R. Levin and Richard J. Cellini, 2008) Consumers, investors, business partners, regulators, and media organizations now expect a company and its entire supply chain to be ethical. The world is becoming a global marketplace and companies must ensure that they have morally strong brand image and create a well trusted supply chain so as to add value not only to their brand but to their image in general, with the wide spread of internet and effective communication consumers are becoming aware of what is actually involve in production and distribution of goods and services. With the increasing rate of climate change people are becoming more conscious of how to care for the environment and the ways of how resources are being exploited. Interestingly, in these recent economic downturns big multinationals companies such as Kraft, Nestle and Starbucks have all managed to form strategic partnership with Rainforest Alliance for Ethical Sourcing of Coffee beans, according to (IGD.com, 2009) Kraft started working with Rainforest Alliance to show support as part of their contribution towards sustainability and helping the environment, shortly after gaining great experience Kraft successfully expanded more work with Rainforest Alliance and included other brands and with this, a total of 150,000 farmers benefited by gaining improved working conditions and better wages, they also helped to protect 70,000 acres of coffee farmland and helped protect rainforest plant and animal species as reported by (IGD.com, 2009) Nestle announced in 2005 to support sourcing its coffee beans ethically after bagging the title in the UK of being the most unethical company and partly responsible for driving down prices of coffee beans at the expense of poor small farmers, they decided to make a serious commitment to support Fair trade and fight poverty, invest in community projects such as improving schools and clinics, providing clean water and repairing roads. Fair Trade label is particularly strong and popular in the United Kingdom, The United States Starbucks made a pledge to make all of its popular espresso brand Fair Trade by the end of 2009 on the other hand, Nestlà © who happens to be a bigger brand with numerous has also join the bandwagon and made commitment to the mass consumer market like its number one rival Kraft, whose brands such as Maxwell house and Kenco has made sure all its coffee beans are from Rainforest Alliance certified farms. (Russell, 2009) Starbucks made a commitment to ethical sourcing in 2009, and has become one of the largest buyers of fair-trade coffee, they also made a decision to have 100% of its coffee certified or verified by an independent third party, such as TransFair USA. To show their commitment to the sustainability, they have planned to invest in communities by doubling loans to farmers by 2015. According to Starbucks, (starbucks.co.uk, 2011)responsibly grown, ethically traded coffee means working with farmers to produce coffee in ways that help provide benefits to their business, their communities and the environment. This falls in line with the Fair Trade objectives, which states that, coffee bean growers should be adequately compensated for their harvest. In addition, Fair Trades primary objectives is ensure that its sets standards for farmers organizations and labor are adhered to by all, they also work in the interest of small-scale producers and help them work in an organized manner, such as in a co-op and make sure all decisions are made democratically and not influenced. In Fair Trade, the farmers are allowed to form unions. While in the Rainforest Alliances standard, they do not get involved with the cooperation of farm workers, and are somewhat laidback. The Rainforest Alliance does not have any existing baseline premium for wages, and they only maintains the low wage bar set by local governments (Trauben, 2009) 2. According to research expert, (Johnson, 2010) who carried out a research in the UK to understand what consumers actually wants, in his studies he discovered that food is the most misunderstood area of public policy, as it accounts for 10% of household expenditure and is linked to 12% of employment, 70% of land use and 20% of energy use in the UK. He also mentioned that demand for food is higher than supply bearing in mind price, quality, availability and access such as logistics issues which play a very vital role in supply chain. (Doane, 2001) Defined ethical consumption as the purchase of a product that concerns a certain ethical issue human rights, labor conditions, animal well-being, and environment it is chosen freely by an individual consumer. With growing trends and change in lifestyle consumer behavior and expectations have changed, due to various issues which ranges from Self-interest to Purchasing Power. People are getting busier and barely have time to cook and therefore have to rely on instant junk foods, maintaining a healthy diet is increasing becoming a difficult task but it is important to make sure that they consume ethically by making sure they are well informed of the food being sourced in a sustainable way. Sending out clear information to create awareness should be encouraged by the government so as to enable the food retailers provide more knowledge and give more information to improve the eating habit of consumers said the Chief Executive of Wm Morrison Supermarkets (Philips, 2010) which is the fourth biggest grocery retailer in the UK and has 479 stores with a strong focus on fresh products. However, having access to affordable healthy foods should be greatly encouraged and not excluded economically from enjoying healthy meals, as these tends to be more expensive. With the recent economic downturn more people have very little disposable income to spend on buying food stuff, as price for simple basic commodities such as rice has witnessed an increase in price globally. (Philips, 2010) also said Key to the affordability of food is choice. Supermarkets offer wide choice in order not only to meet customers expectations but also to drive competition. This encourages innovation to help ensure excellent quality as well as to keep prices down. The conclusion of the research carried out by the (Johnson, 2010) is that consumers have growing expectations and it is the responsibility of the supermarkets to act sustainably, and not increase prices of more healthier foods, Fair trade products should be made affordable and serve as an economically sustainability initiative which helps the environment and must be backed by clear information and honest Fair Trade labeling of products so that consumers have clear knowledge of where the products originates from and the environmental impact. Consumers are becoming more aware of brands that practice responsible sourcing and procurement, carbon footprints and favorable ethical trade practices. Brands who adopt ethical sourcing are perceived as being environment friendly, these ethical firms avoid actions that may somewhat negatively influence, or probably appear to influence, supply chain management decisions for sourcing of resources. 3. Recommendations to help cure the ills of the coffee market would be as follows: In most developing countries where coffee is being exported, the coffee is regarded as very valuable export commodity which makes up a major contribution to their earnings, they are owned by small business owners, the coffee exported from these poor countries are highly consumed by the wealthiest countries, the coffee beans has variety of different grades most of they are somewhat identical which makes a standardized product, but they have distinctive flavors and specialty coffee falls into this category and has a much higher grade which makes it command a higher price than others. The Fair Trade coffee bean are in different grades, although specialty coffee requires a totally different production and pricing which in turn creates a quality control issue for Fair Trade coffee. (Haight, 2011) Fair Trade cannot solve all the problems relating to ethical supply and consumption, consumers should also play a part in curing the ills of the coffee by: a) Ethical Consumption should be encouraged in great measures so as to make consumers use their purchasing power as a means to change questionable ills of the coffee market business as well as the severe oversupply of low cost substandard coffee beans. According to (Jeremy, 2007) Fair Trade is defined as a trading partnership based on dialogue, transparency, and respect that seek greater equity in international trade. It contributes to sustainable development by offering better trading conditions to, and securing the rights of marginalized producers and workers especially in the South. One complaint amongst many coffee drinkers is that the quality of Fair Trade coffee varies widely. The fact that the growers are guaranteed a minimum price for their product may have unintended consequences, one being that there is no incentive to improve quality. b) Reward companies that practice high ethical standards to set an example for other unethical companies to change their ways of doing business, for example according to a recent study carried out by (Remi Trudel et el, 2012) in trying to understand how much more would consumers be willing pay for an ethically produced product? and also how much less would consumers be willing to pay for the product they think is unethical? 97 coffee drinkers were radomly chosen for the experiment and were given informations about the companys production standards, the result from the experiment showed that people punished unethical goods with a much higher discount than they rewarded ethical products with premiums price. c) Consume authentic ethical products and contribute to the lives of the growers by avoiding bad consumer choice and practices. d) Always check labels and investigate popular brands to understand its history of production and encourage fairness in labor. In conclusion, coffee experts in the industry must work hard to reduce the supply of low quality coffee beans and promote ethical supply of this commodity, which will not only improve the lives of the growers but also contribute immensely in shaping the coffee market, companies should increase actions towards socially responsible marketing, (McDonald, 2013) which involves: Customer oriented marketing Innovative marketing Customer value marketing Sense of mission marketing Societal marketing

Harlem Renaissance :: essays research papers

When you think of Harlem the Harlem Renaissance, What is the first word that comes to mind? Harlem Renaissance was the great movement of the black race from the deep rural south to the urban Harlem city during the 1920s to 1930s. It was the time of the black Americans to show and reflect their talents throughout society. It was the time to prove something to the world. The time of emancipation, the time of dignity, the time of passion, the time of the art, the time of the music, etc. Do we really know why these people have migrated? What caused them to migrate? These are some of the questions that filled in my mind when I think of the Harlem Renaissance. Where did these great talented people came from? What motivated them into becoming and showing to the world that they are somebody? Looking back through the years and years of poverty, bad condition, unequal living, and having no right to be able to have their own voice in a white dominated society, these were just the bits of images that African Americans or should I say "blacks" because either way, even if you were black from Jamaica or from some other places, the white majority still considered you as "niggers". A race that is inferior and has no way into revolting against the domination of whites. There were a lot of regulations and restrictions that blacks faced during the time of slavery. Being considered a property is one of the hardship that they went through. They were basically treated like animals with no saying. They were sold here and there. There were also times that a person would get separated from their family. That person will never again see their family! The blacks were considered second class citizens. Although there were many obstacles that they encountered during their time period, they were able to escape that adversity. The main reason why people were able to escape that adversity was because they were willing to do anything, anything that would improve their life condition in the South. "The wash and rush of this human tide on the beach line of the northern city centers is to be explained primarily in terms of a new vision of opportunity, of social and economic freedom, of a spirit to seize, even in the face of an extortionate and heavy toll, a chance for the improvement of conditions.

Dairymilk

ACKNOWLEDGMENT : Firstly I thank Almighty ALLAH for endowing me with heatlh patience . I wish to thanks my parents for their contribution and support towards the I am also Thankfull to Sir Hassan Haroon . with out your help and guidence towards course the report would not be completed . I also show my gratitude to my friends and all who contributed in completing the report Assignment : INTRODUCTION : First people who made chocolate were theMayas and the Aztecs Chocolate played an important role in their social and religious life. Cadbury’s founder is jhon cadburry . adburry started its operation in 1905 ad in birmingham UK . CBM Operates in more then 60 countries and become world largest confectionary company. Its is a largest sealing Choclate in the world as well as in Pakistan also Started operation in india in 1948 Vision: â€Å"Working together to create brands people love† Cadburys mission statement Says simply, ? Cadbury means quality? ; this is our promise. Our r eputation is built upon quality;our commitment to continuous improvement will ensure that our promise Mission Statement 0f the product: The mission statement of our new product is ?To provide our customers with a tempting andexquisite taste? as Enticing Treats means a mouth watering treat which is simply irresistible CONSUMERS VIEW: Customers get sentimental and emotionally attached. We can see that it had really affected the minds and psychology of consumers E. g. -when the company advertised its brand by tag lines â€Å"Aaj Pehli Tarik Hai†, † Kuch Meetha Ho Jaye † and â€Å"Pappu Paas Ho Gaya†. However, the consumers had stopped purchasing the bars for sometime after the worm controversy. Values : -Bring happiness to their costomers -Share happiness Contains more milk then any other chocolate bar -made from the real dark chocolate -AVAILABLE IN 10. 5g, 22g, 95g, 165g & OTHER PREMIUM PACKS SEGMENTING: The purpose of segmentation is to identify and target prime customer groups. Division of consumer market on the basis of: Geographic and Demographic Segmentation. TARGETING: The targeted customers of Dairy Milk have been changing from time to time and advertisement to advertisement. POSITIONING: CDM has positioned itself as synonym for the word chocolate. Chocolates were earlier perceived as a product meant for consumption by children.Since the 1990’s, Cadbury has been endeavouring to position itself as a chocolate for the ‘child within each of us’. Marketing Mix : PRODUCT MIX: Chocolates, Snacks, Beverages, Candies, Gums. PRODUCT LINE: Cadbury Dairy Milk; Cadbury Dairy Milk Wowie Cadbury Dairy Milk Crackle Cadbury Dairy Milk Roasted Almond Cadbury Dairy Milk Fruit and Nut Cadbury Dairy Milk Shots Cadbury Dairy Milk Silk. Price : Place : Place is a term that has a variety of meanings in a dictionary sense, but which is principally used in a geographic sense as a noun to denote location, though in asense of a locatio n identified with that which is located there.In marketing, place refers to one of the 4 P's, defined as â€Å"the market place†. It canmean a geographic location, an industry, a group of people (a segment) to whom acompany wants to sell its products or services, such as young professional women(e. g. for selling cosmetics) or middle-aged family men (e. g. for selling family cars). Cadbury – Place Cadbury is a multinational company and it has its market around the entire world. This can be said just by the first page on its site which asks people to select the place of their choice. Providing 60+ Country Their chocolate Distribution :It is mosly provide to their costomers by Retalers and wholsalers PROMOTION : They concentrate more on tv advertisement their advertisement are always marvelous in advertising they are basically telling to their target market that on what occasion their target marget can or Sould buy Dairy milk Their promotions are also very emotional beca use they attracts emotionally their products if we talk about the comercials like on pass in exam they advertise â€Å"Pappo pas hogya† Targeting the teenagers which passes in exam and celebrate it with Dairy milk by sharing it with friends and family members ..Swot Analysis Strength †¢ Cadbury Schweppes plc is a very profitable organization, generated revenue of more than ? 6,508 billion (2005). †¢ It is a global chocolate brand built upon a reputation for fine products and services. †¢ Cadbury Schweppes plc was one of the Fortune Top 100 Companies to Work For in 2005. The company is a respected employer that values its workforce. †¢ The organization has strong ethical values and an ethical mission statement Weaknesses †¢ Cadbury has a reputation for new product development and creativity.However, they remain vulnerable to the possibility that their innovation may falter over time. †¢ The organization has a strong presence in the United States o f America, UK and India. It is often argued that they need to look for a portfolio of countries, in order to spread business risk. †¢ Cadbury's recall over 1 million chocolate bars over salmonella fears †¢ The organization is dependant on a main competitive advantage, the retail of coffee. This could make them slow to diversify into other sectors should the need arise. The company has no apprehensions of cannibalization of its chocolate brands. Opportunities †¢ Cadbury company is very good at taking advantage of opportunities. †¢ The company has the opportunity to expand its global operations. New markets with new products which are limited in particular region. †¢ Cadbury has decided to focus on a few of its key brands such as Cadbury Dairy Milk, Bournvita, Eclairs and Halls to drive growth for the company. †¢ Co-branding with other manufacturers of food and drink, and brand franchising to manufacturers of other goods and services both have potential

Free Essays on Adolescents

ADOLESCENT DECISION MAKING: IMPLICATIONS FOR PREVENTION PROGRAMS MEDIA INFLUENCES The media - television, radio, movies, music videos - are part of the social environment in which today's young people grow up, and they can contribute to setting social norms. Presenter Sarah Brown, director of the National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy, pointed out that young teenagers spend up to seven hours a day watching television and that older teenagers may spend more than seven hours a day listening to the radio and CDs or watching music videos. There is a tremendous amount of sexual innuendo and sexual activity portrayed in the media, and most of that sexual activity is between unmarried people, according to Brown. In her research, presenter Monique Ward, assistant professor of psychology at the University of Michigan, found that 29 percent of interactions between television characters is sexual in nature (Ward, 1995). She pointed out that drinking permeates television, with 70 percent of prime time network shows portraying at least one instance of alcohol consum ption. There is also some indication that the portrayal of cigarette smoking is on the increase both in movies and on television (Klein et al., 1993; Terre et al., 1991). Little research has been done to document the effect of media portrayals of sexual behavior or alcohol, tobacco, and drug use on the behavior of teenagers. Ward has found some evidence that the media may influence social norms. Her research found that young adults who watch television shows with high sexual content, such as nighttime soap operas and music videos, tend to have more liberal sexual attitudes and to believe their peers are more sexually active than do those who do not watch such shows. Advertisers spend millions of dollars trying to influence product purchases. A number of studies have shown that tobacco advertising and promotional activities may encourage young people to begin and t... Free Essays on Adolescents Free Essays on Adolescents ADOLESCENT DECISION MAKING: IMPLICATIONS FOR PREVENTION PROGRAMS MEDIA INFLUENCES The media - television, radio, movies, music videos - are part of the social environment in which today's young people grow up, and they can contribute to setting social norms. Presenter Sarah Brown, director of the National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy, pointed out that young teenagers spend up to seven hours a day watching television and that older teenagers may spend more than seven hours a day listening to the radio and CDs or watching music videos. There is a tremendous amount of sexual innuendo and sexual activity portrayed in the media, and most of that sexual activity is between unmarried people, according to Brown. In her research, presenter Monique Ward, assistant professor of psychology at the University of Michigan, found that 29 percent of interactions between television characters is sexual in nature (Ward, 1995). She pointed out that drinking permeates television, with 70 percent of prime time network shows portraying at least one instance of alcohol consum ption. There is also some indication that the portrayal of cigarette smoking is on the increase both in movies and on television (Klein et al., 1993; Terre et al., 1991). Little research has been done to document the effect of media portrayals of sexual behavior or alcohol, tobacco, and drug use on the behavior of teenagers. Ward has found some evidence that the media may influence social norms. Her research found that young adults who watch television shows with high sexual content, such as nighttime soap operas and music videos, tend to have more liberal sexual attitudes and to believe their peers are more sexually active than do those who do not watch such shows. Advertisers spend millions of dollars trying to influence product purchases. A number of studies have shown that tobacco advertising and promotional activities may encourage young people to begin and t...

Free Essays on Stocks

During this stock project I have learned a lot of strategies on how to buy stocks and what stocks is. When I first started the stock game, I really didn't know what I was doing and which companies to buy. Therefore, I just pick the companies that have the best dividend and did well in the past. Also I picked the companies that I've heard of and familiar with. But now after taking the business class and playing the stocks game I know what stocks is good to buy and what is not good to buy. Through out the game I think I have sold about 10 stocks at a lower price. The first day of class when you told us that we have to play the stocks game, I didn't want to play it at all. Because it seem like it is really boring. As I kept on playing the game, I got very hooked on the game. It was fun and exciting both at the same time. The second week into the game, I remember every time whenever I get home at 10:45 I would run to my room really quick and turn on the computer and was looking at my stocks to see if it's going up or down. Also every couple of seconds I would keep on clicking the refresh button to see if my stocks is going up and down, and every time my stocks is going up I would be very happy and if it's not going up I would be sad. As I keep playing the game my knowledge of stocks has progress. Before I buy any stocks I would look up the status of how the stocks is doing right now and how it has been doing in the past couple of months. The places that I looked up for my stocks were mainly Yahoo and Bloomberg, sometime I would also watch channel 128, which is the Bloomberg channel. This is the channel that has stocks information and update twenty-four seven. When I look up for what stocks to buy, first I looked up how low the stocks has been going down and if it went down a lot then I would buy it because I figure out that if the stock has been going down for the past couple of days or months then and it has to go back up anytime dur... Free Essays on Stocks Free Essays on Stocks You buy or trade stocks, bonds and mutual funds. Perhaps you invest in a 401(k) plan. Did you know you may be using a form of options as part of your everyday life? Do you pay a premium every quarter for house, auto, and medical insurance? You have purchased insurance as a safeguard against a fire in your home, a crash in your car, or large medical bills. Some investors use options on stocks or cash indexes to protect and insure the value of their portfolios. A major advantage of options is their versatility. They can be as conservative or as speculative as your investing strategy dictates. Options enable you to tailor your position to your own set of circumstances. Consider the following benefits of options:  · You can protect stock holdings from a decline in market price  · You can increase income against current stock holding  · You can prepare to buy a stock at a lower price  · You can position yourself for a big market move even when you don' t know which way prices will move  · You can benefit from a stock price rise without incurring the cost of buying the stock outright There are many strategy discussions for the new investor. The most basic are buying calls and buying puts. You can take a look at the prices which are known as the options premium. You have the bid and ask prices. You take that price and multiply it by $100 to get the total premium amount of the options. You can also see the amount of options that have traded throughout the day. Open Interest is also given and represents the total open contracts in a particular option series. You may want to begin slowly with options and an effective way to do that is to create a simulated option position. This valuable educational tool gives you a detailed overview of options and charts many of the strategies that you may be interested in pursuing. HOW OPTIONS WORK Much like stocks, options can be used to take a position on the market in an effort to capita... Free Essays on Stocks During this stock project I have learned a lot of strategies on how to buy stocks and what stocks is. When I first started the stock game, I really didn't know what I was doing and which companies to buy. Therefore, I just pick the companies that have the best dividend and did well in the past. Also I picked the companies that I've heard of and familiar with. But now after taking the business class and playing the stocks game I know what stocks is good to buy and what is not good to buy. Through out the game I think I have sold about 10 stocks at a lower price. The first day of class when you told us that we have to play the stocks game, I didn't want to play it at all. Because it seem like it is really boring. As I kept on playing the game, I got very hooked on the game. It was fun and exciting both at the same time. The second week into the game, I remember every time whenever I get home at 10:45 I would run to my room really quick and turn on the computer and was looking at my stocks to see if it's going up or down. Also every couple of seconds I would keep on clicking the refresh button to see if my stocks is going up and down, and every time my stocks is going up I would be very happy and if it's not going up I would be sad. As I keep playing the game my knowledge of stocks has progress. Before I buy any stocks I would look up the status of how the stocks is doing right now and how it has been doing in the past couple of months. The places that I looked up for my stocks were mainly Yahoo and Bloomberg, sometime I would also watch channel 128, which is the Bloomberg channel. This is the channel that has stocks information and update twenty-four seven. When I look up for what stocks to buy, first I looked up how low the stocks has been going down and if it went down a lot then I would buy it because I figure out that if the stock has been going down for the past couple of days or months then and it has to go back up anytime dur...

Jarena Lee Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Jarena Lee - Essay Example s within the journal that neither of her parents had been particularly religious, and that their lack of Christian faith meant that they had not bothered to teach her about the gospel and Jesus Christ. It is interesting to note that Mrs Jarena Lee contends that parents did not bring her up as a Christian due to their lack of religious beliefs rather than their lack of formal education, or their lowly social and economic status.1 Instead it is the women that live on Mr Sharp’s estate who decided to partially teach the seven year old Jarena Lee about the Christian gospel. They did not however fully convert her to Christianity. She did feel enough guilt about being caught lying as a child that she promised to herself that she would never tell another lie. According to her own journal attempting not to lie at all was still enough to give her meaningful intellectual, educational, psychological and theological experiences or turn her life around. Between the ages of seven and twenty-one the young Jarena Lee did not according to own journal experience anything to profoundly her alter or enhance her intellectual, educational, psychological and theological experiences. The Journal of Jarena Lee records that her spiritual experiences altered after she attended a sermon carried out b a Presbyterian preacher at a nearby school building when she was twenty-one years old during the year 1804. The sermon that she heard that day convinced her that she needed to accept and live by the Christian gospel and in that way achieve life altering religious not to mention spiritual experiences. The sermon and the words of the Presbyterian preacher effectively convinced Jarena Lee that she could only truly achieve worthwhile spiritual experiences by fully embracing evangelical Christianity. The experience of the sermon at the schoolhouse persuaded Jarena Lee to regularly attend church meetings, services, and sermons, strengthening her Christian faith.2 For Mrs Jarena Lee her

Environmental health Epidemiology Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Environmental health Epidemiology - Assignment Example Just like the name of the design suggests, the design involves comparing different cases of the same infection. In examination of the Shigellosis infection, several cases in the outbreak would have been compared with other infected individuals not related to this outbreak. This study design would have made it possible to investigate the infectious disease within the context of an extant surveillance system, since it compares prior infections and their causes, with the current cases in the Shigellosis outbreak. One of the principal advantages, of questioning the people that were not ill, is that it provided a basis for identifying the symptoms of Shigellosis through comparing the sick to the healthy. The healthy participants also allowed for distinction of findings from those resulting from other factors. Questioning these individuals also formed a basis of avoiding bias in the study. Examining healthy persons could have been disadvantageous in the sense that their selection could have been prejudiced. Further, it would have been difficult to determine if they were infected, especially if the disease was still in the incubation phase. The case-control study design primarily involved young participants, who were incapable of providing responses to some of the crucial research questions. The design was also vulnerable to selection bias, especially in choosing the control group. The age limitation could have been overcome through selection of an older cohort of participants, while bias would have been avoided through selecting the control group independent of exposure to research status. Bias could also have been avoided through selection of controls representative of the populace from which they were chosen. Potential measures of mitigating Shigellosis infection would include educating park visitors on the significance